Friends of a Feather... Stick Together - 815 Words

I wonder what type of friend are you? Are you the friend that gets out your bed at night to rescue me when I’m stranded? Maybe you are the friend that buys me food when I’m hungry. Sometimes, I have to think if I had any good friends or if there weren’t none. On certain days, I would sometimes hang out with friends that I barely talk to. Friends always come and go from what I been taught. My friends are determine based on personality, style, and much more. Sometimes, I don’t see the true side of a friend until later down the line. I always observe my friends so that I know what category to place them in. According to Judith Viorst’s â€Å"Friends, Good Friends, - and Such Good Friends, â€Å"there are at least three categories of†¦show more content†¦We still reach out to each other every once in a while. When on the phone, we bring up our favorite sports in our hometown and all the good times that we had. Sometimes, when we meet up we ride to our old elementary school together or even may go to the childhood park of ours. Even though we are distant from each other, we know that we always will have shared childhood memories together. Finally, the friendship that involves the most interaction is cross-generational friends. My grandmother that raised me, I would consider my cross generational friend. My grandmother Helen and I share the most memorable moments with each other. Every day, my grandmother calls me just to check up on me to see if I’m doing well. Helen and I talk on the phone like best friends, and have such great laughter. She always stayed on me about school and made sure I maintained my focus. Helen my grandmother, would always make sure that I have everything that I need. When I’m feeling down, I can always depend on my grandmother to be there in time of need. She teaches me right from wrong even when I constantly grow older. Helen is not only my grandmother, but she is my mentor and she offers gratifications of its own. My grandmother gave me the lessons in life that my parents never taught me. There are many types of friends that I have when itShow MoreRelatedOrigin And Supernatural Beliefs Associated With Ouija1608 Words   |  7 PagesApiana) used for Smudge Sticks. There is also the Diviners Sage (Salvia Divinorum) which is a Hallucinogenic†¦ but we wont get into that since our wonderful Government has made it illegal now in many states. Welcome to the â€Å"Control System†. Spiritual Cleansing This process is called Smudging. In Smudging you will be using the White Sage (Salvia Apiana) used for Smudge Sticks. Yes, it is White Sage dried and bundled up with string wrapped around it to hold it all together. This is a Ritual that youRead MoreAnalysis Of Speak By Laurie Halse Anderson1338 Words   |  6 Pagesat the party in August which caused her to be insecure. Towards the middle, she is very depressed because nobody wants to be her friend. In the end, she becomes free because she is able to defend herself and be the way she used to be. Melina is a young freshman with no real friends which is a terrible way to start high school. In the beginning, She only has her â€Å"friend,† Heather who is also an outsider because she just moved to Syracuse from Ohio so she does not know anyone. Melinda feels like anRead MoreStephen Leacock1418 Words   |  6 Pageslanguage: Birds of a Feather Flock Together But they dont. Ask any first class naturalist. If the wise old men had taken another look they would have seen that the last thing birds ever want to do is to flock together. In ninety-nine cases out of a hundred they keep away from their own species, and only flock when it is absolutely necessary. So much for the birds. But the proverb is really supposed to refer to people and then it is wrong again. People of a feather do not flock together. Tall men fallRead MoreEssay on Sitting Bull1377 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most cherished honors. First coup (striking an ene! my with a coup stick) showed more daring than slaying. A warrior who had counted first coup, (or second or third) bragged about it. They had to have it witnessed, and was given an eagle feather to wear in his hair as a badge of honor. The best warriors only wore one or two feathers on a daily basis and wore their full bonnets (some warriors had bonnets with feathers clear down to their heels) for formal ceremonies. Sitting Bull and LightRead MoreAnalysis And Belief Of The Crocodile1183 Words   |  5 Pagescan have the cutting rituals to prove themselves. Since the rituals are very expensive and it is not such a thing that it is affordable by one family and they have to buy a lot of things, rituals preparation and a lot of time. Families will pool together their financial resources for many years to pay the skin-cutting rituals. Usually it is the young man’s uncle to do the skin-cutting rituals because they believe is this way, the mother’s blood is spilled back to her line and remove the weaknessRead MoreBook Of Broken Hearts Literary Analysis803 Words   |  4 PagesThe Book Of Broken Hearts is about a girl trying not to fall in love with a â€Å"flawless† boy. In the story the reader can put together piece by piece how she is falling for him. The story’s main base in the beginning is talking about her dad and how she wants to spend the whole summer with him beca use his Alzheimer’s is getting worse and worse every day. She explains to her friends how she can’t spend time with them because of her father so it really shows how much he means to her. The book is tryingRead MoreKaylyn Baldwin. Usu Powwow. March 3, 2017.. Attending My1817 Words   |  8 Pageswould join other ancestors in the spirit world. Something that was done when someone died was burring them with prayer feathers and prayer sticks, along with other precious things. These items are things that are also used in powwows. The last cultural rule is a powwow, which I got to experience. A powwow is just a gathering of the tribe to â€Å"make new friends and meet old friends† as my informant stated it. There are competitions, dances, and all around joyful entertainment. As an outsider, all IRead MoreThe Day Of The Dead1166 Words   |  5 Pages The Day of the Dead is a unique Mexican holiday celebrated with many different customs and traditions throughout Mexico. This holiday focuses on the gathering of family and friends to pray for people close to them who have died and help them along on their spiritual journey. Every year, starting on October 31st, Mexican people begin their annual three-day celebration of The Day of the Dead or El Dà ­a de los Muertos. 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She isn’t allowed to drink except with a straw. She is also allowed very little sleep during the week of her specific dance. During a specific part of the ritual her grandmother massages her body, which signifies a strong life ahead for this thirteen

Investment Policy Statement Client Profile - 878 Words

Investment Policy Statement ⇒ Client Profile ï‚ ² Date: April 5th, 2015 ï‚ ² Prepared For: Hayey W ï‚ ² Birth of Date 12-March-1970 ï‚ ² Address: 123 St Gorge Street London ï‚ ² Province: Ontario ï‚ ² Postal Code: N6N 5V5 ï‚ ² Phone: 1-622-848-0000 ï‚ ² Employment Position Business owner ï‚ ² Gross Annual Income $125,000 ï‚ ² Net Worth $750,000 ï‚ ² Desired Retirement Age 65 ï‚ ² Risk Tolerance Medium to high ï‚ ² Prepared by: Ruifen Cui ï‚ ² Address: 700 Wonderland Road North London ï‚ ² Province: Ontario ï‚ ² Postal Code: N6H 4V3 ï‚ ² Phone: 1-519-697-2776 ⇒ Investment Objectives The purpose of portfolio is to provide safe and stable growth of your investment capital until you reach the age of retirement. The portfolio will also be able to ensure that you have enough income to†¦show more content†¦Time Horizon: Time horizon is the period of time that clients can earn income due to investment. Your time horizon is 35 years which means that you have 35 years to earn income for your retirement. It is a long-term time horizon which suggests that the risk of principal loss can be minimized over the long term period of investment. Liquidity Your liquidity requirements are low level. Which means that you may not need to access the fund from investment anytime before maturity. Based on your primary objective, you may need some investment products that have the feature of low liquidity and more focus on stocks, for example. Tax Your marginal tax rate based on your taxable income is 38% and your average tax rate is 32.36% The primarily goal of managing this portfolio based on tax policy is to minimize tax while earning investment incomes. Regulatory Any investment activities that contravene by Act, By-law, Regulation, Rule or the Criminal Code will be considered a constraint. All firms or corporations have their own compliance personnel and many have legal counsel as well, and it is recommended that the investment advisors consult those recourses when there are legal issues. Unique There may be unique requirements that related to different investor for example some of the investors may insist to invest stocks in energy area because he or she believes that the stocks in energy area may go into a developing stage in the long term. In the

Responsibilities of Sports Engineers Free Essays

Responsibilities of Sports Engineers Sports is something that attracts every person in this world towards itself. Sports has become a very common field that everybody has interested in. People are gaining more and more interest in different sports from all over the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Responsibilities of Sports Engineers or any similar topic only for you Order Now And that is why sports engineering is gaining significance and recognition. It is a special field of engineering, which involves everything from the development to the testing of the different sports equipment. The discipline includes numerous activities and everything related to sports and sports equipment. The sports engineers have several responsibilities that are discussed here at length. The very first responsibility of a sports engineer is the designing of the sports equipment. With the development of different sports and an increase in their popularity, people are eager to make use of the best of the sports equipment. And this is where the sports engineers can contribute by developing new equipment that would help the athletes perform better. Sports engineers are also responsible for carrying out a complete lab and experimental testing of the sports equipment, athletes and the interaction between them. This is one of the most important parts of the job of a sports engineer because it is not possible to make use of anything without testing the equipment and the nature of interactions the users would have with the equipment. The sports engineers not only carry out laboratory testing but are also required to test the performance of the athletes and different devices in the field, i. e. the environment of the sports. Field testing needs to be completely accurate so that there is no scope of mistakes and the athletes are prepared to use their equipment in the real conditions and situations. Computational modeling has been used only for scientific purposes till now. Computational modeling approach is usually employed in physics and other scientific applications, whether it is fluid dynamics or any other experiment. Sports engineers are also making use of this technique and approach for determining the forces acting upon the working of the equipment and for stimulating its working before actually developing them. Sports engineers also need to continuously work with the different government bodies and the authorities for making sure that the rules are adhered to and everything is carried out within the pre-defined guidelines. Sports engineers also have to work with the athletes to regularly keep a track and improve the performance of the different athletes in different fields. They need to find out new ways and measures for enhancing the performance of the sportsmen. Thus, we see that sports engineers are extremely important people and they need to carry out all of their responsibilities sincerely for the development of different sports and for the betterment of the athletes. Reference link: http://classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-help How to cite Responsibilities of Sports Engineers, Papers

Fashion Icon Fashion Leader Essay Example For Students

Fashion Icon Fashion Leader Essay Abstraction No 1 could hold a accurate and comprehensive definition of the two footings â€Å"fashion icon† A ; â€Å"fashion leader† in the past decennary while these two new words appear often in the manner universe today. However. it seems that these have their ain significance and construct in two different cultural positions. The propose of this research is to reply the inquiry what does the â€Å"fashion icon† A ; â€Å"fashion leader† average severally in U. K. and China and what causes the difference apprehension of it. which may act upon the development of the manner universe in the hereafter. Literature research. personal interviews and cyberspace studies are the methods that I used to research this survey which could acquire in-depth. comprehensive. professional and the newest information. In add-on. what I found out from this survey research is to the different civilization taking to the difference construction of the society. And holding a different signifier of the society. the regulations of the life. the things the public pursue. the topographic point people is looking frontward to. the lifestyle the mass being willing to bask is non the same. This is a large subject to discourse. but we can get down from the little point. Let’s go back to the manner universe to speak about the different construct of the two footings. â€Å"fashion icon† A ; â€Å"fashion leader† . debut A large moving ridge of new word have been appeared these old ages to depict the new things invented with the development of the modern manner universe ; e. g. smart. purchaser. disco. stylist†¦The term â€Å"fashion icon † is thrown about excessively much these yearss. It is obvious that â€Å"fashion icon† is the most popular term which will be mentioned in today’s manner universe. However. the significance of the new term is different in eastern and western civilization. What cause the phenomenon and what difference significance included with the similar word â€Å"fashion leader†is the cardinal point of the research to research. The definition of manner is rather complexed which is the value or life manner in a period. It is proposed by some little kind of people. And so the populace respected and followed. The scope of manner is really broad. including making-up. vesture. dressing. behaviour. sense of placing. feeling and even ideas. Not every one can follow a right way of popularity for manner. Manner could be in a limited range alternatively of in a really big graduated table. Majority have a trouble about manner which leads them to follow some innovators. At this clip these individual and organisation shows their importance to the mass. Having an kernel of manner reflects their ain gustatory sensations which makes â€Å"fashion icons† A ; †fashion leaders† go some popular these yearss. To analysis the complexnesss of the adaptation curve into history from two different civilization is an indispensable job. PROBLEM STATEMENT/ Research Question: †¢ What is â€Å"fashion icon† in UK? What is â€Å"fashion leader† in UK? What is the relationship between â€Å"fashion icon† and â€Å"fashion leader† ? †¢ What is â€Å"fashion icon† in China? What is â€Å"fashion leader† in China? What is the relationship between â€Å"fashion icon† and â€Å"fashion leader† ? †¢ It is obvious that it have different definition of â€Å"fashion icon† A ; â€Å"fashion leader† in UK and China. What factors influenced it? †¢ Will it do the development of the manner universe in the hereafter? †¢ What other facets could be related with the difference? Research Objectives and Purposes: 1. Purpose: To look into the factors that leads to the difference description of the two new footings in manner. 2. Aim:†¢ The information will be extracted from some well-known manner insiders’ sentiments which have been reported to the populace. †¢ Questionnaire will be distributed to assorted types of people. so to roll up and number the consequence of the responses. †¢ To analysis the effect of all the information of both British manner country and Chinese manner country. separate the chief factor of it. Literature Review International purpose is fast going one of the most popular entry manner schemes for international retail companies when traveling into international markets ( Burt. 1993 ; Quinn and Doherty. 2000 ; Quinn and Alexander. 2002 ) . Though ab initio decelerate to react to this practical phenomenon happening in the international retailing sphere. the academic community has besides been bit by bit turning its attending to the nature of international franchising. in the context of retail merchant internationalization ( Whitehead. 1991 ; Sparks. 1995 ; Quinn. 1998 ; Doherty and Quinn. 1999 ; Quinn and Doherty. 2000 ; Quinn and Alexander. 2002 ) . This reappraisal will give a brief construct of the â€Å"fashion icon† A ; â€Å"fashion leader† in UK and China individually. Followed by analysing the factors consequence on the phenomenon. to hold a farther treatment on if it will do the development of the manner universe in the hereafter and the other comparative countries. 3 Types Of People EssayMethod A ; Feasibility Administering questionnaires. personal interviews and cyberspace studies were the ways for this survey. The grounds why utilizing assorted method presented have 3 points. Point 1. it was suited for researcher’s aims and could roll up a large sum of information from different sort of voluntaries in a high efficiency manner. Indicate 2. interviews is a quite distance and fast method manner to acquire information. And can acquire the feeling of the interviewee face to face. Some are afraid of interview because of experiencing under force per unit area in a one-to-one scene. As a consequence. point 3. the cyberspace study is better manner to affect the awkward state of affairs. And combination of all three methods. I consider it is the most appropriate ways to different sorts of people. The sample size was 50 in questionnaire. 17 of them take to make full in the questionnaire,6 of them chose have a personal interview. and the others prefer have an cyberspace studies for the resear ch. all the questionnaires were delivered to the voluntaries on 12th December and completed on the 19th in the same month. And it is be left adequate clip for the voluntary to complete the questionnaire with a no force per unit area environment. Personal interview is a private state of affairs. Paying attending with protecting the personal information when making a interview is the key to this methods. Give the adequate trust to the interviewees. The consequence will excessively good to anticipate. Internet study is the same questionnaire with the first method. Privacy protection was still the most trouble that many voluntee wasn’t willling to make full the existent information to de questionnaire. Most of them have a high ego protection. which may take to the information got is non so accurate. To work out this issue. any information was anonymously collected. but protecting privateness remained in a secret box. In other words. it was necessary for the research worker to explicate the content carefully or construe content suitably when research participants asked inquiries about the questionnaire. Furthermore. it was appropriate to supply a written debut to the subject for participants about the questionnaire. which may hold helped them understand easy and be willing to make full questionnaires out. Finally. avoiding injury is besides of import. which means that research workers should non inquire any sensitive inquiries or personal inquiries which might do injury to research participants. A study illustrate the chief factors about the people’s cognition about the manner icon and manner leaders. 35 % people said they know nil about what manner icon is. 15 % people have a extremely awareness about manner icon but have no thought about manner leaders. 27 % people think even they know merely one or two manner icon. they won’t pay more attending on it. the remainder per centum of the individual have an involvement in manner and want to cognize more information about it. Most individual show great involvement in manner is female and no affair the Asiatic miss or the European miss. But the manner icon these two different parts misss focus on is different. A consequence can be acquire is that people ever accept the manner icon in their ain civilization more easy. List OF mentions Craig. J. T. A ; Diana L. H. 1997. Journal of Consumer Research. Speaking of Fashion: Consumers’ Uses of Fashion Discourses and the Appropriation of Countervailing Cultural Meanings. Vol. 24. No. 1 ( June 1997 ) . pp. 15-42 Greenberg. B. A. . Lumpkin. J. R. and Bruner. G. C. 1982. Opinion leading and innovativeness in manner diffusion. American Institute of Decision Sciences Proceedings. pp. 240-42. Jennifer. C. 2009. Manner. Rhe cardinal constructs. pp. 02 – 03. Kaiser. S. B. 1990. The societal psychological science of dress 2nd erectile dysfunction. Macmillan. New York. NY. Kerry. P. 2012. Harper’s BAZAAR. Interview – The Sartorialist New Book Closer. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. harpersbazaar. com/fashion/fashion-articles/scott-schuman-sartorialist-interview # slide-1 Minyi. H. 1989. Modern Fashion in The Last Decade. New coming words. Vol. 6 pp. 88 – 89. pp. 90-91 Rosalie. A. C. 1969. American Anthropologist. Conceptual Styles. Culture Conflict. and Gestural Trials of Intelligence. Vol. 71 No. 5. pp. 828 – 856. TIME. 2012. List. All-time 100 Fashion Icons. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. clip. com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0. 29569. 2110513. 00. hypertext markup language

The Raising of Lazarus free essay sample

The Gospel according to John is quite different from the synoptic gospels. It is unique as it does not follow the same order or the same stories as the synoptic gospels shows. It is highly literary and symbolic. (The New American Bible, 2004). This gospel narrative of John contains a series of â€Å"signs†, in which, it signifies the gospel’s word for the wondrous deeds of Jesus. Among the signs is the raising of Lazarus in Chapter 11. This account includes the narrative of the sickness, death, and the resurrection of Lazarus.It is also the climax of all the signs as Lazarus is presented as a token of the real life of Jesus. Because of the gift of life to Lazarus, Jesus is ironically put to death. Thus, it makes the people believe in Him once He has been raised from the dead. Moreover, Jesus proved in this account that He is the resurrection and the life of men for he overcomes death. We will write a custom essay sample on The Raising of Lazarus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Comparative Critique Perkins (1990) as cited in the Jerome Biblical Commentary says that â€Å"†¦the Lazarus’ miracle is a sign that Jesus really is the power of life evident in resurrection. He calls to life a buried person in the tomb.This section creates the necessary time between the death of Lazarus and Jesus’ arrival so that there can be no mistake. Lazarus was not in a coma. He had been dead for a long enough time that rabbinic authorities would have said that the soul had left the vicinity of the body and the decay would have definitely set in† (p. 969). In fact, it was two days that Jesus has waited before He goes to the family at Bethany. Jesus waited before raising Lazarus as to make His own death certain. Beforehand, Jesus said that the sickness of Lazarus was not unto death.However, even He spoke of it, Lazarus was perhaps already dead. The words have deeper meaning, related with the glory of God, which is also that of Jesus. And Jesus was confident that Lazarus will be resurrected. (Harrison, 1962). Similarly, Leonard (1953) says that â€Å"†¦in the ordinances of God’s providence the sickness was not unto death but, through the raising of Lazarus, for the glory of God, who thereby glorifies His Son, the worker of the miracle† (p. 1001). This implies that the illness has a special purpose: it is to make the glory of God manifest so that the Son will be glorified.From that, it is very clear that the giving of life to Lazarus comprises His own death and the oblation of His own life. Hence, Jesus must be willing to sacrifice His life in giving Lazarus’ life. (Flanagan, 1994). Accordingly, Clarke (1998) says that â€Å"†¦ the miracle sign has evidenced God’s glory, his presence, and in the person of the Son of God† (p. 601). Therefore, the miracle is an epiphany. God’s love was revealed through the work of His Son, Jesus Christ. Synthesis The resurrection of Lazarus is the revelation of God’s healing love. Through His Son, Jesus Christ, the worker of the miracle, He raised Lazarus.The restoration of Lazarus is the sign that Jesus is really the resurrection and the life. Thus, Lazarus’ miracle parallels to Jesus’ resurrection. The sickness of Lazarus was not unto death. This shows that Jesus is confident that Lazarus will be restored by the Power of God, even the ill was a fatal one. Besides, Jesus loved the family, yet He waited for two days but this is to make His death certain, for Lazarus’ miracle involves His own death. In other words, there is a deeper meaning in Jesus words: his sickness was not unto death, but to the glory of God. Through his illness, the glory of God will be revealed, as well as of the Son.

The United States and British Political Systems essays

The United States and British Political Systems essays The Constitution of the United States designates three main structures of government. The judiciary is charged with the country's legal system, interpreting and upholding the country's laws. The legislature, composed of the Lower House and the Senate, is composed of representatives who write the laws of the country. Finally, the executive branch runs the country's administrative needs. In the United States, the executive branch is headed by a president, who is elected directly by the American people. These elections are held separately from the elections for representatives in Congress. Furthermore, while the president is not vested with any direct legislative power by the Constitution, he or she may veto any laws that have been passed in Congress. This system of separate elections dates back to the presidential elections in 1789 (Brinkley A30). It is through this electoral period that the American government pursues a common "general will" of its constituents. In contrast to direct democracies such as Switzerland, where people vote in national referendums, the American people elect Congressional representatives and the President in two separate elections. This separation helps to maintain the system of checks and balances that prevent abuse on the part of either the executive government or the legislature. The United States legislature is composed of two bodies: the Lower House and the Senate. The Lower House or House of Representatives is composed of 435 members, who represent the various districts around the United States. Because the number of representatives depends on population, California has the greatest number of state delegates with 53 members. Sparsely populated states like Alaska, Vermont, and Wyoming have only one representative each. The House of Representatives is divided into separate committees, where much of the debate takes place. The House Ways and Means Committee, for example, considers proposed legislation ...

Prostitution in Modern Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Prostitution in Modern Europe - Essay Example In order to make the picture more prominent, it is better to look into a case of prostitution in early modern London. This instance will be able to present a true picture of how important prostitution became in modern Europe. Margaret Huberty, a woman aged 46 years was prosecuted for keeping a brothel in London in the year 1905. According to many of the witnesses, they saw unknown people going in and coming out of the house on 49, Whitfield Street, which was owned by Mrs. Huberty. When reported to London police, they kept a vigil on the house and found the report to be true. While investigating the house, they found it out to be a brothel run by Mrs. Huberty. The prostitutes were caught red handed when some disturbance caused them to shout from the windows. According to the court paper, it was the lady herself who owned the business. She used to employ prostitutes and keep them in the house. The prostitutes were also seen to accompany the men on the streets. These men were the customers and all of them were from high society. Margaret Huberty, a middle aged woman with the possession of a house does not present a picture of poverty hovering over her life. It becomes, therefore, a question of great importa nce, what compelled women like Mrs. Huberty to choose this profession as the means of earning. (The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 2003) Keeping a Keeping a brothel was nothing new in London from the second half of the 19th century. A Bailey Court case in the year 1869 tells about three London women prosecuted with this charge. They were Mary Ann Clark, Christiana Clark and Jane Roberts. Three of them compelled a girl under the age of twenty to take up the profession of a prostitute. Apart from that, they were also involved in the business of running a bawdy house. This incident clearly indicates that prostitution was quite prominently taken as a profession since that age in early modern Europe. To these women, marriage and security did not appear to be good options in life. Prostitution and its business could give them huge amount of money and this shows that these modern women in Europe understood the value of wealth very well, although social rules were ignorable to them. Another session held in the London's Central Criminal Court in the year 1889 shows an evidence of late 19th century prostitution in this city. Here, a 23 year old lady named Annie Gough was prosecuted with the charge of counterfeiting coins. Although the charge was very far from prostitution, the accused person clearly declared in the court that her main means of earning was through prostitution. She confessed before the Magistrate that her prostitution was the main profession on which her husband depended, too. This presents a picture that looks quite bleak from any social perspective. This also refers to the irresponsibility of the husband and his indifference about his wife's profession. Unlike the case of Mrs. Huberty, Gough's case had a ground of poverty. (The Proceedings of Old Bailey, 2003) According to many of the social critics, prostitution in modern Europe was a result of poverty in the families. It is also stated that in many cases, this was a temporary alternative for the women to survive. Still, this will be very unjustified to say that it was only poverty that compelled the modern European women to choose this profession. The historical survey suggests that 30% of the whole

Dancing God Ganesha Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dancing God Ganesha - Research Paper Example Of particular interest in this case is that of Ganesha. This was a popular figure in the Indian art. This deity could be portrayed doing several activities for example standing, dancing, taking an action against a demon and many other postures that could be developed. Of concern in this case is the dancing Ganesha. This work of art originated in the Indian region. The Ganesha emerged as an element of worship in the Indian religion around the 4th century. All the Indians recognized this deity regardless of the affiliations they may be having. In no time this god became very popular in the Hindu worship. In fact Hindu religious writings recommend that the Ganesha be worshipped before the commencement of any activity, be it religious or not. This particular form of deity is seen to be one that resembles a human being but it has an elephant head. The portrait is actually seen to be a representation of the supreme beings that ensures that humans get success in whatever Endeavour they undertake. This is said to be achieved by the removal of any obstacles that may hinder the success of people in their activities. The portrait is designed in such a way that there is the depiction of four arms which the deity has. This piece of art happens to be on display at the Denver Art Museum. The portrait that is displayed at the Denver Museum seems to be a little different than what is described in writings and documents about the image. This is particularly in relation to the number of arms. The oone at the museum seems to be having close to seven or eight arms. The way in which the artifact is displayed in the museum may be rather confusing to the viewer, especially if it happens that the person interested in seeing the it has some bit of information especially with regard to what to expect. The sculpture is in the form of a stone carving but the attributes associated with it are not very much related to

Critical evaluation of Maths remaining as part of the curriculum Essay

Critical evaluation of Maths remaining as part of the curriculum - Essay Example Teaching and learning mathematics dates back to the third century BC making mathematics an ancient subject (Martin, 2006). Pioneers of modern mathematics include Euclid, and Pythagoras. Presumably, the age of mathematics as a subject has rendered it irrelevant in the modern world evoking the debate on whether mathematics should remain part of the school curriculum. However most teachers particularly mathematics teachers believe that mathematics should remain as part of the school curriculum. This report present a critical analysis of responses received from both teachers and students with the aim of drawing a conclusion on the issue. Majority of the teachers confirmed that mathematics is the only subject that train students how to make logical decisions on an issue. Unlike other subject, mathematical knowledge is based on fundamental theorems and principle. In addition, mathematics is the only well defined subject or the only subject that avoids contradictions. This indicates that ma thematics endows learners with fundamental skills that cannot be obtained from another subject taught in the school curriculum. According to Martin (2006), mathematics is the only universal subject and the only subject that has remained relevant over the years. ... It has been established that most subjects teach students how to memorize or remember (Martin, 2006). This aspect makes mathematics a sufficient prerequisite to nearly all subjects taught in the school curriculum. Most science and engineering subjects such as chemistry, engineering, physics, and architecture use mathematics to proof and illustrate theoretical concepts. Discovery of abstract branches of mathematics such as algebra, topology, and analysis has also been instrumental in the evolution of computer science and information technology. Thus, nearly all subjects taught in the modern school curriculum depend on mathematics as their main language of illustration. From responses received, it is evident that teachers support the issue of maintaining mathematics in the school curriculum. It is also evident that mathematics is applicable in humanities and social sciences. In particular, mathematical techniques are applied in humanities and social sciences to establish social trends and to quantify key social quantities such as population. Therefore, mathematics cannot be eliminated from the school curriculum. The interactive nature of mathematics is the main factor that makes most students to shy away from the subject. Unlike other subjects taught in the school curriculum, mathematics requires active participation of students. This compels the students to participate in classroom activities such as class discussion and completing assignments. Thus, mathematics exams not only examine a student’s ability to remember theoretical content but their level of participation in the school activities. Evidently, the level of a student’s participation in mathematics also measures their

Solar Radiation Climate

Solar Radiation Climate Incoming solar radiation is a key component of the Earths Climatology. From maintaining the Earths climate, living forms are able to survive as Hulstrom (1989, p.1) points out solar radiation is a key principle for sustaining life and as a renewable source of energy it can prevent exploitation of the non-renewable sources e.g. oil. Depending on the landscape, solar radiation can create varies microclimates as explained by Chen, Saunders, Crow, Naiman, Brosofske, Mroz, Brookshire, and Franklin (1999, p.288) where a canopy of vegetation will absorb the short-wave radiation, increasing the sensitivity of the ground surface temperatures below. Chen, Hall and Liou (2006, p.1) state it is the spatial and temporal elements of incoming surface solar radiation that can determine many landscape scale processes. An area of interest where incoming radiation can create or trigger several processes and climates is mountainous terrain. Even though the total surface area of mountain systems around the world is a very small percentage of the total Earth surface, they can still create an input to the climate system experienced globally. The intensity of solar radiation reached at the surface plays a vital role in mountain climates. It is variations in elevation, slope, aspect, and shadowing that can affect the amount of radiation received at the surface (Dubayah, 1994, p.627, White, Mottershead Harrison, 1994, p. 207, and Chen et al., 2006, p. 1). This study will focus on incoming radiation and analyse the extent to which each of the factors above affect incoming radiation received upon uneven terrain. The focus will be on incoming radiation because, as Duguay points out (1993, p.339) any progress in the determination of surface radiation in mountainous terrain has to begin with incoming shortwave radiation. Another aspect that this study will approach is the extent to which vegetation canopy cover can intercept radiation before reaching the Earths surface. A study created by Mariscal, Orgaz, and Villaobos (2000, p.183) states the importance of measuring radiation received at the surface for purposes of photosynthesis and proposed 70% (p.184) of solar radiation can be intercepted by canopy cover. This study will be analysing the amount of radiation received beneath a forest canopy to aid the understanding between incoming radiation and vegetation cover. This study is designed to examine the intensity of incoming solar radiation received within Cwm Llysiog valley (51Ëš49N 3Ëš25W), located in the Brecon Beacons in South- East Wales. A Coniferous tree forest, located at the Southern end of the valley provides a canopy of vegetation to record radiation measurements beneath. The northern part of the valley is mostly grasslands and shrubs, providing a transect to measure radiation without vegetation inception. Across Britain in the 1970s Harding (1979,p.161) discovered there was very few actual observations of radiation reached on the surface across the uplands due to there be a lack of â€Å"robust automatic instruments, capable of withstanding the extremes of an upland environment†. A problem that was crossed in this study was the availability of automatic instruments for recording solar radiation, disallowing me to achieve the quantity of radiation data required. Literature Review Radiation Radiation is the main input to the black-box closed- system, planet Earth, received from the Sun, in the form of electromagnetic radiation waves ranging from 0.25-3.5 micrometres (Oke, 1987, p.8-9). These waves travel towards the Earth away from the source, at a speed of 299,800kilometers/second (Strobel, 2001). There is a large distance between the Sun and the Earth, resulting in only 0.002% of the total radiation secreted from the Sun is an input to the Earths system. The ozone is an important component for protecting the Earths atmosphere from captivating harmful amounts of solar radiation, by absorbing the majority of the radiation around wavelengths of 300mm. Each different wavelength is absorbed at different points of the Earths atmosphere. Shorter wavelength UV radiation and solar energetic particles are deposited mainly above the troposphere, where gases such as O2 (Oxygen) act as an absorber of the UV radiation (Lean Rind, 1998, p. 3072). Visible light is what can be seen b y the eye and is centred on wavelengths of about 0.5 µm (McIlveen, 1998, p.244). Acra et al. (1990), researched into how atmospheric interventions can cause this change in wavelength and how different colours can relate to the wavelength Blue skies are present when the degree of scattering is sufficiently high within the blue region of the spectrum (McVeigh, 1977, cited by Acra et al., 1990). The intensity of radiation reaching the Earth surface as a single value is 1353W/m5 and continues to be relatively constant (Rich, Hetrick Saving, 1995, p.3). Nunez (1980, p. 173) expresses the need for reliable knowledge of solar and terrestrial radiation at the Earths surface and looks into approaches that concentrate on the radiation fluxes over a unit of horizontal area, and some index of atmospheric turbidity to derive a climatic radiation model. It is analysed that in most of these cases the radiation fluxes at ground level are assumed to be non-related to the properties of the receiving surface. It would only be the reflected and outgoing terrestrial radiation that the surface would initiate changes (Nunez, 1980, p.173.). The surface properties aspect and gradient will be measured to analyse whether Nunez (1980) has the right idea. The receiving of energy emitted by the Sun, at the Earth surface is controlled by three sets of factors. Spatial and temporal variation in insolation at specific sites is predictable from basic geometric principles, and can cause variation in climatic conditions across local topography. Insolation is commonly expressed as the average irradiance and is a function of latitude, day of year, time of day, slope and aspect of the receiving surface, and horizon obstruction (Rich, Hetrick Saving, 1995, p.1). At different times throughout the day the Suns height appears to change, and is at its highest in around noon. At this point the sun rays have the least distance to travel through the atmosphere and UVB are at their highest. In the early morning and late afternoon the Suns rays pass through the atmosphere at an angle resulting in a reduction in intensity. The second is the scattering and absorption of incoming radiation within the atmosphere, through gases, aerosols and cloud particles. This results in three forms of incoming radiation received on inclined surfaces, including: direct (beam) radiation, which is the part of solar radiation that is not absorbed or scattered by the atmosphere and has a direct path from the sun to the surface (Allen, Trezza Tasumi, 2006, p.55). This study will be focusing on the factors influencing radiation once its nearer to the surface. Mathematical models have been used to estimate solar radiation. Alam, Saha, Chowdhury, Saifuzzaman and Rahman (2005) present a mathematical model to simulate the availability of solar radiation in Bangladesh using system dynamics methodology. describes the formulation of the mathematical model used for the study. It takes into account slope angles, atmospheric absorption and scattering by diffused radiation, and the amount of extraterrestrial radiation that would be received. One problem with these models is that the outcomes are only predictions of radiation intensity. Surface based measurements avoid estimations from modelling on radiation, but are more labour intensive. Holst, Rost and Mayer (2005) used both surface based measurements and empirical modelling, because it was recognised that modelling did not reach a standard of accuracy on its own. For this study field based measurements were carried out over the period of two days to measure the intensity of radiation received at the surface. Mountain Climates Observations made in mountains are very important for the understanding of solar radiation and solar constant. Data collection on mountains and their climates over many years has been seen to be quite problematic. The areas tend to be remote from major centres of human activity, have limited physical access, difficult to install and maintain weather stations, and can experience extreme climates. Recent studies have used satellite remote sensing and digital terrain data for analysing mountain climates (Duguay, 1994, Haefner, Seidel, Ehrler, 1997, Dubayah, 1994). Digital and satellite imagery has confirmed many climatic conditions that have emerged over thousands of years from the analysis of synoptic data, and has increased the understanding of cloud cover influencing radiation at the surface. Geographical controls that vary the intensity of solar radiation reaching the surface are Latitude and Altitude. Barry (1992, p.18) explains that latitude has a great influence on mountain climates with solar radiation and temperature decreasing with increasing latitudes. The Ozone becomes increasingly rich with altitude resulting in the mid and higher altitude regions reaching less radiation because the sun is lower in the sky and therefore the rays must travel a greater distance through the Ozone. This gives reason to why Holland and Steyn (1975, p.181) discovered aspect as being an important parameter in the mid- latitudes. Barry (1992, p. 77) also pronounces slope effects changes with latitude. Around latitudes of 40 ºN in the northern hemisphere, north facing slopes receive a greater duration of direct radiation throughout the day compared to south facing slopes (Barry, 1992, p.77). The Brecon Beacons is 51ËšN so the duration of direct radiation will be shorter on the north facing slope, but the differences between intensities on each slope will be compared for the duration of the day. Cloud cover is recognised as being a limiting parameter of incoming radiation (Arking Childs, 1984, Rieland Stuhlmann, 1992) and a main contributor to diffuse radiation. This research believes cloud cover plays a vital role in scattering and preventing direct solar radiation reaching the Earths surface. Rumney (1968, p. 89) exemplifies the fact that the amount of radiation and sunshine from one year to another would be the same were it not for variable amounts of cloud cover. Cloud cover is thought to cause â€Å"back scattering, and can reduce the solar power reaching the underlying surface by as much as 90%,† (McIlveen, 1998, p.244). Fritz (1951, cited by Garnier Ohmura, 1968, p.798) noted that cloudless skies are appropriate in climate studies to limit the atmospheric tranmissivity influence on incoming radiation. Spatial characteristics of mountainous terrain such as orientation, angle, vegetation cover and shadowing from neighbouring slopes have been the subject of many observational and analytical studies, Duguay (1993) by modelling downward fluxes (pp.341- 347), Churchill (1982) with aspect influence on hill slope process, Holland and Steyn (1975), vegetation response to angle and aspect, and Wendler and Ishikawa (1974) with the effects on slope and exposure on solar radiation. Figure 3 illustrates the three sources of illumination that can occur on slopes. Variability in slope angle can lead to strong local gradients in solar radiation (Ralph, 1994, p.627 Kumar, Skidmore, Knowles, 1997, 467). Holland and Steyn (1975, p.181) found that the differences in incident solar radiation in mountainous areas of different slopes and aspects were maximum in the mid-latitudes and the least in equatorial and polar regions. The mid-latitudes in the northern hemisphere are closer to the Sun in July (su mmer solstice) resulting in greater amount of radiation received on slopes north facing slopes receive more radiation in early hours (0600hrs) of the day and later hours in the evening (1800hrs) compared to the south facing slopes. The southern facing slopes, of an angle greater than 55 º receives a greater intensity of radiation at midday, where the north facing slopes are not illuminated, as displayed in figure 4. Barry (1992, p. 76) acknowledges the fact that â€Å"South- facing slopes at the equinoxes show a symmetrical diurnal pattern,† from the time the sun rises in the east, limiting the intensity shining on south facing slopes with increasing steepness in the early hours of the day. By comparing the north west and south east facing slopes through the duration of a day, I will be able to analyse whether the patterns found within research have correlated with my own findings. It shows the steep south facing slopes reach a greater amount of radiation compared to average south facing slopes, but it is clear the greatest difference between aspects is when the sun is either highest in June, or lowest in December in the sky (Ralph, 1994, p.633). Surface temperature is a useful parameter to estimate the amount of radiation received on varying slope aspects. Safanda (1999, p.367) expresses that the north facing slopes in the middle latitudes in the northern hemisphere are a few  ºC colder at similar elevations as on South-facing slope surfaces. Reason for this is that less solar radiation falls on a unit area of the slope surface (Safanda, 1999, p.367). By recording near surface temperatures for the two valley transects, it will allow me to correlate the differences between two aspects by comparing temperatures at the same elevation. Shadowing from neighbouring slopes or valleys is thought to be a â€Å"spatio-temporal function† because it depends on both topography and solar geometry (Ranzi Rosso, 1995, p.464). Shadowing, introduced by Ranzi and Rosso (1995, p. 468) for a catchment basin that has shadowing occurring across the surface from projected horizons within the catchment area, is ‘Self Shadowing. This should only occur in a valley with east and west facing slopes as the sun will rise in the east projecting a shadow onto the east facing slope if elevation is great enough. By knowing the different slope angles and orientations of the Cwm Llysiog valley, the effect of exposure and shadowing can be assessed. The McCall Glacier (Alaska) was studied (Wendler Ishikawa, 1974) for the effect of slope, exposure and mountain screening on solar radiation and discovered that the screening effect of mountains was much more important than the northerly exposure reducing radiation reaching the glacier. It is not only slope shadowing that could limit the intensity of radiation received at the surface in the Cwm Llysiog valley, vegetation cover will also reflect radiation. Cannell, Milne, Sheppard, and Unsworth (1987), and Bartelink (1998) explain with increasing canopy cover, radiation interception is increased resulting in a decrease of radiation at the surface (Jordan, 1969, p.663). Vegetation cover is thought to be the greatest limiting factor in the Vegetated valley and will be compared to the non- vegetated valley radiation readings to verify this prediction. 2. Aims and Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate how the variability in slope, aspect and shadowing comprise to create a changing affect on the gradients of incoming radiation in forested and non- forested valleys. This will be assessed by comparing north and south facing slopes within a South Wales valley with forested and non-forested slopes in the summer with cloudless skies. Below is each Hypothesis set before measurements were taken and research that backups the reasoning for the hypothesis. Hypothesis A: The vegetated slopes will decrease the intensity of solar radiation received at the surface compared to the non- vegetated slopes. This will reflect in the surface temperature, with an increase in solar radiation resulting in an increase in temperature. Safanda (1999, p.367) concluded that north facing slopes achieve a low temperature then south facing slopes. Bartelink (1998) is one of many that has proven vegetation cover will decrease the intensity of radiation received at the surface. Hypothesis B: The intensity of solar radiation will be greater on the south east facing slopes compared to the total solar radiation received on the north west facing slopes. The orientation of slope faces will be the most influential factor on incoming solar radiation. White et al. (1994, p.207) describes the azimuth (orientation of the surface) as being the most influential component in the intensity of solar radiation received at the surface. It is stated that a southerly facing aspect will receive a greater intensity of radiation at the surface compared to a northerly aspect, which might not receive any at all. On the other hand Whiteman, Allwine, Fritschen, Orgill, and Simpson (1988) compared radiation components from five stations situated in a single valley during September of 1984 and concluded that slope faces have distinctly different diurnal courses of radiation. Slopes facing north east, experience downward solar fluxes directly after the slope is illuminated during sunrise but the fluxes become weaker during the afternoon as a result sunset. In contrast the south west facing slopes, has weaker direct radiation in the morning but attains a strong peak in the early afternoon. This view is slightly different to Whites et al. theory on aspect. Hypothesis C: Slope angle will have a less influential impact on radiation intensity compared to slope aspect. It is thought with an increase in gradients the intensity of solar radiation will decrease and become less direct. White et al. (1994, p.208) explains that these two factors (aspect and gradient) combined have a greater effect on the amount of direct radiation on north facing slopes in the northern hemisphere. It is made clear, with increasing slope angles, there is a decrease in solar intensity directed at the north facing aspect. Dubayah (1994, p. 634) displays a time series of monthly incoming solar radiation for different slope terrains within the Rio Grande River Basin. The study shows steep south facing slopes receive around 140W/m2 more radiation than a steep north-facing slope in July. The differences displayed in these findings are thought to be due to slope gradient. Hypothesis D: Within the forested valley, the vegetation cover will cause a great deal of shadowing on the surface decreasing solar radiation received at the surface. The greatest shadowing in the non- vegetated valley will occur in the lower sites, near the valley floor where the surrounding horizons are at a higher elevation, decreasing the sky view factor. Ranzi and Rossos (1995, p.464) study in a drainage basin realised that shadowing occurs at low altitudes, as the â€Å"direct radiation is less important in relation to the other radiative fluxes, i.e. diffuse irradiance from the sky and direct and diffused irradiance reflected from nearby terrain†. This means any horizon at a higher elevation then the site being studied will reduce the intensity of solar radiation received at the particular site. White et al. (1989, p.419) agrees with Ranzi and Rosso views where changes in orientation or positioning on a slope, affects the view of surrounding topography, thus affecting receipt of reflected radiation. Jordan (1969, p. 663) explains The greater the vegetation cover the greater the greater the difference in radiation above and below the canopy. Null Hypothesis: There will be no correlation between radiation received at the surface on the vegetated and non- vegetated slopes. Factor such as slope orientation, slope angle and shadowing will not influence the amount of radiation reached at the surface. Elevation The relationship between direct radiation and surface elevation is complex and depends on the atmospheric conditions such as cloud cover. With an increase in surface elevation an increase in direct solar radiation will occur, because the solar path through the atmosphere is shortened. This only tends to occur under cloudless skies. Batlles, Bosch, Tovar-Pescador, Martinez-Durban, Ortega and Miralles (2008, p.341) studied atmospheric parameters to estimate radiation in areas of complex topography and came to the conclusion that only the global radiation changes with increase of 1000m in elevation. It was thought that in the current microclimate being studied, elevation variations are less significant than other topographic variables, such as shadowing affects. Measurements recorded in the field for this study only reached 40m up the slope, meaning the effect of elevation on radiation would be very little. Due to these findings elevation will not be included in this study as a control. Objectives The main objective is to examine any correlation between slope aspect, slope angle, shadowing and vegetation cover and to analyse the influence they might have on the intensity of incoming solar radiation reaching the surface. To assess these factors affecting incoming radiation on sloping terrain, this study will test the hypotheses determined by studying the previous research. The hypotheses will be tested by recording a set of incoming solar radiation readings along a transect across a valley over the period of a day. It was difficult to locate a valley with north and south facing slopes in Wales. The Cwm Llysiog presents north west and south east aspects. The increase in elevation will be measured to display differences in radiation at the base of the valley and the valley slopes. The gradient is also important to analyse the correlation between slopes and radiation. A set of temperature results at the nine sites along the transect will determine if there is a link between solar radiation intensity and near surface temperatures. Another main objective is to provide readings for all the above, on a slope covered by a forest canopy, creating a shadowing affect. Exposure readings for all sites will be recorded to assess the extent of shadowing from near surfaces and objects.

George Orwells: A Hanging Essay -- Literary Analysis

A world famous Essayist, a Novelist, and Critic, George Orwell is a name most people have heard at one point in their lives. His work continues to be used for educational purposes and held to a very high standard by many. Best remembered for his twin satires on totalitarianism, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, Orwell was a major participant in the British socialist movement. Although championing a radical politics of collective ownership, he extolled tradition and love of country while drawing a sharp distinction between patriotism and nationalism ("ORWELL, GEORGE." ). He was born into a poor but proud middle class family in Moti-hari, Bengal, India as Eric Arthur Blair. His surname, George Orwell, stuck with him after writing his first book Down and Out in Paris and London. This title was regarding his experiences of how his upbringing left him with feelings of great guilt, and how he then chose to live in squalor for a period of his life. With unemployment rates extremely high in the 1930’s he chose to join the labors and beggars and lived in low income lodging in London and Paris. He wondered the streets with professional vagrants and lived and learned their way of life. For Orwell this brought him closer to his roots and was an experience he has to live (â€Å"George Orwell.†). Orwell was raised in England by his mother Ida, but he was often separated from his father Richard Orwell; who spent his time working in India. His reputation among the people led him to be known as young and eccentric but withdrawn by most people who knew him. Orwell made an interesting reputation for himself, as a brilliant but poverty stricken writer. His determination led him to many good things; Orwell was awarded two scholarships to what were ... ...ell. Printer Publishers, 1991. 85-92. Rpt. In short Stories for Students. Ed. Kathleen Wilson and Marie Lazzari. Vol. 4 Detroit: Gale, 1998. Literature Resource Center. Web. 9 Feb. 2012 Orwell, George, and George Packer. Facing Unpleasant Facts: Narrative Essays. Orlando: Harcourt, 2008. 23-28. Print. "ORWELL, GEORGE." Encyclopedia of Nationalism: Leaders, Movements, and Concepts. Oxford: Elsevier Science & Technology, 2000. Credo Reference. Web. 08 April 2012. "Orwell, George (pseudonym of George Orwell) (1903 - 1950)." The Bloomsbury Dictionary of English Literature. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd, 1997. Credo Reference. Web. 12 March 2012. Rodden, John. â€Å"View To A Kill.† AmGeorgean Conservative 10.9 (2011): 33. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 08 Mar. 2012 Sheldon, Michael. Orwell: The Authorized Biography. New York: Harper Collins, 1991. 53-340. Print.